tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-172244072024-02-23T00:07:42.146+08:00Biochar Interest Group - South East Asia (BIG-SEA)This site has been created to facilitate the establishment of a South East Asian biochar interest group. BIG-SEA could provide communication and linkage between biochar researchers, farmers, related industry and supporting organisations, interested in tropically focused biochar industry development. Please get in touch if you are interested in supporting or participating in this effort.Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.comBlogger454125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-33846494117711552822019-05-06T21:59:00.000+08:002019-05-06T21:59:05.444+08:00Biochar Enthusiasts South East Asia... new FB-group<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/613126042529201/about/" target="_blank"><img alt="https://www.facebook.com/groups/613126042529201/about/" border="0" data-original-height="657" data-original-width="1109" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpMUDwiwnfuKjMeHH66pKVuZ_p4jDQ-xlIf7MGdNasyBCEUZyhjOhh-D6gkOustI7H_Iw1QXa30o2UBJrJB7ZpvJu7nFTniUj7QI5pGRD8PnnDYXjUqkIF2UK2G2k56mvZHc7cxA/s400/Screenshot+2019-05-06+21.44.43.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<span>I have been posting here on biochar since May 2009. 10 years and 453 posts later, I'm feeling it become a burden in its current form, with very little group feed-back. Although (like many!) I hate many aspects of Facebook, I have found it much easier to manage and more engaging (based on my experience with <a class="_553k" href="https://www.facebook.com/allblackearth/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.facebook.com/allblackearth/</a>). </span><br />
<br />
<span>I hope <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/613126042529201/about/" target="_blank">the new group</a> will resemble 'flame cap' production in the region... the current site feels like a smoldering old earth pile! There are a number of biochar groups in SEA but language and distance are a barrier to cooperation. I hope this new group can provide more useful linkage across the region.
I would welcome discussion, regional posts and help... do feel free to join the group.</span><br />
<br />
<span>I will push out another newsletter under the current format to circulate the news. </span> Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-38707403548594023902019-04-16T12:24:00.000+08:002019-04-16T12:24:48.806+08:00Haze issue in Thailand<br />
<header class="p detail-topic">
<h1 itemprop="headline">
<a href="https://www.nationmultimedia.com/detail/opinion/30367694" target="_blank">Haze: What to do about corn without killing the golden goose?</a></h1>
<div class="detail-date">
<i>opinion April 15, 2019 19:44</i></div>
<div class="detail-info">
By Michael Shafer
<br /> </div>
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<div class="detail-social">
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<section class="p">
<h2>
We have a big, known problem: Corn is a
major source of Thailand’s chronic haze crisis. We also have a big,
unknown problem: Corn is a link in a multibillion-dollar supply chain
that is vital to Thailand and also many of its poorest people.
The really big problem, therefore, is not what to do about corn and
corn’s contribution to the haze crisis. </h2>
<div itemprop="articlebody">
The really big problem is how to fix
corn without killing the goose that lays the golden eggs. Warm Heart
Foundation believes it has a low-cost and immediately replicable
solution. First, though, it would be useful to review the agricultural
origins of the haze crisis.<br />
Corn is nasty stuff. The way we cultivate it in Thailand is inexcusable,
no question. Corn burning accounts for much of the Northern haze
crisis. Just three Northern provinces, Chiang Rai, Nan and Tak, grow
1.67 million rai of corn – 24 per cent of the national total.) The haze
kills and sickens tens of thousands; we all pay for their care.<br />
What’s the corn problem?<br />
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Scale. Corn has gone from a regular part of the Thai diet to our biggest
and fastest growing crop – that we cannot eat. It’s hog corn, 95 per
cent of it unfit for human consumption. How did we get here? Demand for
meat, milk and ice cream from a fast growing global and Thai middle
class. Chickens, pigs and cows transform corn-based feed into
drumsticks, steaks and Magnum bars very inefficiently.<br />
The cheapest places to grow – and the farmers most desperate to do it –
are in the rural North where steep slopes and bad soil are good for
nothing else. Laws protect such lands, but the officials charged with
enforcement ignore burning forest for new fields because more is better.
(In 2017-18, 3.67 million rai of corn – 52 per cent of Thailand’s total
– grew in protected forest.) The government itself, with the Thai
Animal Feed Association, encouraged rice farmers to plant corn as a
second crop in their paddies, to “conserve water”.<br />
What, then, is the problem?<br />
The overwhelming expansion of corn on fragile soils in protected forests
that are among the few remaining areas of biodiversity in Thailand.
Monocropped corn generates huge pest pressure and demand for pesticides
with lethal consequences. Corn itself is a particularly wasteful crop;
only 22.2 per cent is kernel, while 78.2 per cent remains in the field
to be cleared somehow before the next planting. (Burning is easiest, but
since more than half of fields lie within forests, the forests burn,
too.)<br />
How do you “fix” this sick goose?<br />
A recent article in The Nation highlights the work of leading Thai
organisations that understand the problem and have wise solutions (“Thai
govt urged to help farmers shift practices”, April 8). As BioThai
director Withoon Lienchamroon observes, because just a few large
companies, encouraged by government policies, are responsible, it ought
to be possible to force a sustainable public-private solution to support
integrated farming, not monocropping. Researcher Olarn Ongla adds that
policy must also address farmers’ poverty, which prevents them from
shifting to more sustainable techniques.<br />
Sounds great – but despite the social costs of haze, neither government
nor companies have incentives to play. Today, government and companies
confront minimum costs and risks. Government has limited forest
monitoring and use-enforcement costs or agricultural extension costs at
the rural fringe. Elected with a popular majority, it can ignore
protests in an opposition area. Doing nothing also avoids the risk of
failure, dangerous when legitimacy depends on the ability to deliver
quick, tangible successes. Meanwhile the companies face no risk of more
costly corn, the largest cost component in animal production, and can
use CSR programmes to placate opposition as they transition to foreign
production<br />
Killing the goose that lays the gold<br />
What happens if such a scheme is imposed? The companies exit, with
terrible consequences for Thailand. Companies produce corn in the Thai
North because land and labour are cheap. If remaining in Thailand
becomes too costly, they move to Myanmar. The growing conditions are
similar, the labour is cheaper and there is no regulation. With the
Asean Free Trade Agreement, the cost of importing corn to Thailand is
minimal, although transportation is inconvenient. How best to solve
that? Move the chickens, hogs and cattle to Myanmar along with the
slaughterhouses, etc. The cost is soon paid back by the lower cost of
doing business.<br />
As a result, burning in Thailand, forest encroachment and the amount of
corn raised decrease. We outsource the problem, but ineffectively. The
haze continues from Myanmar, where tens of thousands more people are
exposed. Closer to home, tens of thousands of Thais employed in the
shipping, care, slaughter and processing of meats and dairy lose their
jobs, a fate shared by large numbers of landless farmers. There are no
ready replacement crops, sources of demand or funds. Rural communities
collapse faster, more uneducated and untrained farmers pour into the
cities. Thai imports of chicken, pork and beef spike. The goose is dead
without an alternative source of gold ready at hand.<br />
Does the goose have to die?<br />
Warm Heart thinks not. We are small Thai Foundation (CM273) without the
international and national funding of big NGOs. We do not make plans for
government or for major corporations. We believe that corn is here to
stay, essential to the lives of Thailand’s poorest farmers who are
forgotten in public discussion. We see a way to resolve the haze crisis
through the market and poor farmers’ hunger for better lives: give them
incentives and means to profit from not burning their corn waste. Right
now.<br />
Warm Heart believes that we, the citizens of the North, can choose
between two futures. The next decade can be clouded with haze or small
farmers can learn to convert crop waste to biochar and sell it as
briquettes or fertiliser.<br />
There is nothing high-tech, high cost, imported or impressive about Warm
Heart’s solution. We teach poor farmers to teach other poor farmers to
make their own equipment and biochar. An old Thai farmer teaching
another farmer to make biochar from crop waste in a small, unkempt field
using equipment designed in Thailand and built by the farmer himself is
not something that goes on nice websites or merits a write-up in
academic journals. But it works. This is not a vague promise. This is
not a theoretical possibility. This does not require years of testing.
This is known and tested. If tens of thousands of small farmers learned
to do this right now, there would be far less haze in the air next year.<br />
<em>Michael Shafer is director of the Warm Heart Foundation in Phrao, Chiang Mai.</em><br />
</div>
</section>Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-63320587097960036702019-04-04T19:04:00.000+08:002019-04-04T19:04:05.160+08:00Problem soils - biochar can help<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCPGDKWrvwc2adr6lRiCXVjhVNoIv08eVQLQwPmE5QuEpwUhk1d0MHhA_eS6_vGbU8wsW-Xep2Nd0iArIljOVoT0cJR36d4UYRRfhZhaqb8OCeU7s9KsCNFcTxSLV6Ys57aZxw4A/s1600/Screenshot+2019-04-04+18.50.53.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="557" data-original-width="1116" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCPGDKWrvwc2adr6lRiCXVjhVNoIv08eVQLQwPmE5QuEpwUhk1d0MHhA_eS6_vGbU8wsW-Xep2Nd0iArIljOVoT0cJR36d4UYRRfhZhaqb8OCeU7s9KsCNFcTxSLV6Ys57aZxw4A/s640/Screenshot+2019-04-04+18.50.53.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<h3>
<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330073296_Biochar_amendment_improves_crop_production_in_problem_soils_A_review" target="_blank">Biochar amendment improves crop production in problem soils: A review</a></h3>
<br />
This China-USA review looks at improve plant growth in...<br />
<ul>
<li>soils with physical constraints</li>
<li>acid soils</li>
<li>alkaline soils</li>
<li>nutrient deficient soil</li>
<li> salt-affected soils </li>
<li>metal-contaminated soil</li>
</ul>
<br />Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-50673586793851354012019-03-22T11:01:00.000+08:002019-03-22T11:01:33.406+08:00Bamboo biochar research - regional cooperation<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://www.ugm.ac.id/en/news/17773-ugm.develops.bamboo.for.biochar" target="_blank"><img alt="https://www.ugm.ac.id/en/news/17773-ugm.develops.bamboo.for.biochar" border="0" data-original-height="946" data-original-width="1233" height="305" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgei1AxIXBZaPJ5NPlLAZTXvx6nNKZT5N1YL1U6QqzCcUplEaYiCjbmgo0jBnLuvQluAYlnJ-tKO-T6nQHlHQ6IRUWD-TzBmRptmzNU7ZUhyphenhyphenaPWhpaQJc-N_cwNV_04FiW3FXRKpA/s400/Screenshot+2019-03-22+15.53.11.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/goog_714160433"><br /></a>
<a href="https://www.ugm.ac.id/en/news/17773-ugm.develops.bamboo.for.biochar">https://www.ugm.ac.id/en/news/17773-ugm.develops.bamboo.for.biochar</a><br />
<br />
<div dir="ltr">
<i><span>"Faculty of Agriculture UGM established a consortium
with Universitas Syiah Kuala, Universitas Andalas, Universitas Udayana
Ghent University, Belgium, to do research in using bamboo as biochar.
Biochar is active charcoal use to improve soil and reduce agricultural
environmental pollution. It is also potential to maintain soil
fertility.</span></i></div>
<div dir="ltr">
<i><span>The cooperation
that lasts for three years started this year with the Flemish
Interuniversity Council Belgium and promoter Prof. Stefaan De Neve from
Ghent University and Dr. Benito Heru Purwanto from UGM.</span></i></div>
<div dir="ltr">
<i><span>Heru
Purwanto said the research had started since November 2018 by inviting
representatives from five universities. In March a discussion, workshop
and field visit were made at Sidorejo village in Ngablak, Magelang.
“Alongside the event we held a discussion that was attended by an
internal tim project and doctoral students conducting biochar research
at UGM,” said Heru in a release sent on Wednesday (20/3).</span></i></div>
<div dir="ltr">
<i><span>Heru
explained although still preliminary, the biochar research cooperated
with researchers from research agencies in the country as well as
biochar experts from Balai Penelitian Tanah Bogor and Balai Penelitian
Tanaman Rawa South Kalimantan.</span></i></div>
<div dir="ltr">
<i><span>“We also invited farmer groups to do biochar making practices,” he said."</span></i></div>
Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-2892034121846002862019-03-10T04:28:00.000+08:002019-03-10T04:28:01.258+08:00Rice husk biochar and urea - 2yr study<br />
<h3>
<a href="https://www.academia.edu/38505621/Effects_of_biochar_and_nitrogen_fertilizer_on_soil_physicochemical_properties_nitrogen_use_efficiency_and_upland_rice_Oryza_sativa_yield_grown_on_an_Alfisol_in_Southwestern_Nigeria?email_work_card=view-paper" target="_blank">Effects of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on soil physicochemical properties, nitrogen use efficiency and upland rice (Oryza sativa) yield grown on an Alfisol in Southwestern Nigeria</a> </h3>
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Received: 24 March 2018 / Accepted: 12 February 2019 © The Author(s) 2019 </span><br /><h3>
Abstract </h3>
<h4>
<b>Purpose </b></h4>
Biochar and inorganic fertilizer when co-applied have been reported to increase crop yield and enhance soil fertility. However, studies on this complementary effect on soil properties and rain-fed upland rice performance in Sub-Saharan Africa are still scanty. <br /><h4>
Methods </h4>
Field factorial studies conducted over 2 years was set up to investigate the interactions between rice husk biochar and inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer on a sandy clay loam Alfisol. A two-factor (4 × 4) in RCBD where rice husk biochar was incorporated at four doses, 0, 3, 6, and 12 t/ha−1, inorganic N fertilizer (urea) at four rates, 0, 30, 60 and 90 N kg/ha−1, and their combinations was adopted. <br /><h4>
Results </h4>
Results showed that combination of biochar and N fertilizer exerted significant (P > 0.05) interactive effect on rice harvest index, grain and straw yield and N-use efficiency. Interaction between biochar and N fertilizer increased agronomic efficiency by 140% and grain nutrient recovery by 191% over 2 years. Combination of biochar and N fertilizer reduced soil bulk density, increased water holding capacity and soil chemical status such as pH, N, P, K, Corg, Ca, ECEC and base saturation, all within the top 10 cm depth of the soil. <br /><h4>
Conclusions </h4>
Overall, the results established that rice husk biochar can be used as a soil conditioner to enhance upland rice yield on an Alfisol. The combined dose of 3–6 t/ha−1 biochar and 30 kg/ha−1 of N fertilizer is thus recommended for upland rice farmers in the study area.Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-24225107108255051552019-03-03T11:23:00.001+08:002019-03-03T11:52:41.450+08:00Three year study on biochar & bamboo in Indonesia<br />
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<a href="https://www.vliruos.be/en/projects/project/22?pid=4045" target="_blank"><img alt="https://www.vliruos.be/en/projects/project/22?pid=4045" border="0" data-original-height="552" data-original-width="1600" height="137" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJpjYMpxD2y2nXoLsLJObjMMdy0Ek_opJLJvd0hz7KrXwpcBhxXjuCkaKkdm1EJKpE0JtumNYH4L6N9MoFCf5OVh6aMHyaGYCaeF6byFCIYKu17RHBMZRJV2NPtkFr4ip6Vb2ESg/s400/Screenshot+2019-03-03+16.06.38.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "verdana" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">The following news was posted to the IBI February newsletter: </span></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "verdana" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">"A
good deal of research on biochar comes from Indonesia, but much of it
misses mainstream academic publications. A new three-year </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en-GB&q=http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f%3D001qDELP9Jyjy3jTFQBIrtCGdJeIZDEpALDydkvujhnRr1Imo_IQTNxb_GP73rhfMudJyzWnAxDn_n7kPAx93jyaEt34ajKOsRmobaG-iHLky-3DHZ4I2lRbRDG73l8EsI3uR21BkB42EwUtOm7R0PothDYO4GB8T_GbONFeUbJD5dQZdVt-P55Dqfv1HLAyVQdO7qkPO0rR-o%3D%26c%3D2QwWiKVJYH2liO0xC795rj_TcSfe2qaKAyOnjiykZd-3n6BgrbUSQA%3D%3D%26ch%3D-CQFzaSNCMbGUxjRGIS_PiugAieZuTD7pXu7aBGietJmkQJWP_N6RQ%3D%3D&source=gmail&ust=1551668828436000&usg=AFQjCNERA730Hq0nFGdUHQ4SEt-swD5vVA" href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001qDELP9Jyjy3jTFQBIrtCGdJeIZDEpALDydkvujhnRr1Imo_IQTNxb_GP73rhfMudJyzWnAxDn_n7kPAx93jyaEt34ajKOsRmobaG-iHLky-3DHZ4I2lRbRDG73l8EsI3uR21BkB42EwUtOm7R0PothDYO4GB8T_GbONFeUbJD5dQZdVt-P55Dqfv1HLAyVQdO7qkPO0rR-o=&c=2QwWiKVJYH2liO0xC795rj_TcSfe2qaKAyOnjiykZd-3n6BgrbUSQA==&ch=-CQFzaSNCMbGUxjRGIS_PiugAieZuTD7pXu7aBGietJmkQJWP_N6RQ==" style="color: #326d31; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank">project</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "verdana" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">
is underway led by Ghent University, Belgium to help the Indonesian</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "verdana" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> scientific community obtain better worldwide standing using their bamboo biochar industry as a sample case."</span></i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "verdana" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"></span></b></div>
<div align="left" style="text-align: left;">
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<div align="left" style="text-align: left;">
<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "verdana" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">From the website: </span></i></div>
<div align="left" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "verdana" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"This networking project in essence addresses the problem of low soil
fertility and related food security issues in Indonesia by harnessing
the potential of bamboo derived biochar for soil improvement. Given the
high scientific and societal impact of biochar research, notably in soil
science, the production and use of bamboo biochar (in a limited number
of field experiments) will allow us to address probably the main
challenge in academic research in Indonesia, namely the limited
international impact. Within this project, biochar will be used as a
case study to very significantly increase the international impact of
the participating universities, through the organisation of workshops on
hypothesis testing, on experimental set-up and on scientific writing
with impact, through bringing the Indonesian partners into contact with
non-Indonesian research institutes with internationally successful
biochar research, and through the sharing of experiences and the
learning process over the entire project duration. The inclusion of
diverse universities from Java, Bali, West Sumatra and Aceh will
maximize the overall project impact.ic community obtain better worldwide standing using their bamboo
biochar industry as a sample case."</span></i></span></div>
<div align="left" style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div align="left" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "verdana" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span>
</div>
Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-21997922420998066872019-02-22T13:18:00.001+08:002019-02-22T13:18:21.268+08:00Microwave pyrolysis in Malaysia<br />
<div class="js-swp-work-title col-xs-12 col-md-12 u-fontSerif u-fw100 u-fs24 u-lineHeight1_4 u-ph0x u-mb1x">
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<h3>
<a href="https://www.academia.edu/38381620/Self-purging_microwave_pyrolysis_an_innovative_approach_to_convert_oil_palm_shell_into_carbon-rich_biochar_for_methylene_blue_adsorption?email_work_card=title" target="_blank"><span itemprop="name">Self-purging microwave pyrolysis: an innovative approach to convert oil palm shell into carbon-rich biochar for methylene blue adsorption</span></a></h3>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-12 col-md-9 u-fs13 u-ph0x u-tcGrayDarker u-mb2x">
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2019</div>
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<div class="js-expanded-card-work-details--abstract" style="float: none; position: static;">
BACKGROUND:
Oil palm shell (OPS) is a biomass widely available from palm oil mills.
Self-purging microwave pyrolysis (SPMP) was performed to produce
carbon-rich biochar from OPS for the adsorption of methylene blue dye.
The effect of feedstock amount on the pyrolysis temperature, yield and
characteristics of the biochar were investigated.</div>
<div class="js-expanded-card-work-details--abstract" style="float: none; position: static;">
<br />RESULT: The amount
of feedstock was directly proportional to the final pyrolysis
temperature. The pyrolysis reached a maximum final temperature of 760 ∘C
when ≥300 g of OPS was loaded into the reactor without microwave
absorbent. A heating rate of up to 105 ∘C min−1 was recorded, producing a
yield of 40wt% of biochar at a short processing time of 20 min. The
biochar obtained at 700 ∘C showed relatively low volatile matter
(24wt%), higher fixed carbon content (66wt%), carbon (78.5 wt%), oxygen
(17.7 wt%), a highly porous structure with high BET surface area of
410m2 g−1 and pore volume of 0.16 cm3 g−1, and recorded a methylene blue
dye adsorption efficiency of 20mg g−1.</div>
<div class="js-expanded-card-work-details--abstract" style="float: none; position: static;">
<br />CONCLUSION: The SPMP approach
showed exceptional promise to produce biochar with low H/C ratio (0.5)
and O/C ratio (0.2), which indicated a high degree of carbonization and
stability of the biochar to act as a durable agent in wastewater
treatment.</div>
Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-21336538369695004702019-02-21T12:47:00.001+08:002019-02-21T12:47:09.066+08:00Biochar & mushroom cultivation - Malaysia & China <div class="js-swp-work-title col-xs-12 col-md-12 u-fontSerif u-fw100 u-fs24 u-lineHeight1_4 u-ph0x u-mb1x">
<div class="u-workBreakBreakAll">
<h3>
<a href="https://www.academia.edu/38381605/Microwave_vacuum_pyrolysis_conversion_of_waste_mushroom_substrate_into_biochar_for_use_as_growth_medium_in_mushroom_cultivation?email_work_card=title" target="_blank"><span itemprop="name">Microwave vacuum pyrolysis conversion of waste mushroom substrate into biochar for use as growth medium in mushroom cultivation</span></a></h3>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-12 col-md-9 u-fs13 u-ph0x u-tcGrayDarker u-mb2x">
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2019</div>
<div class="work-owner">
<div class="js-work-toolbar-work-owner u-displayInlineBlock" data-original-title="" title="">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="js-expanded-card-work-details--abstract" style="float: none; position: static;">
BACKGROUND:
Spent mushroom substrate (SMS), largely produced as an agriculture
waste from mushroom cultivation, was transformed into biochar via
microwave vacuum pyrolysis under different ratios of SMS to microwave
absorbent (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3). The biochar was then examined for its
potential to be re-used in mushroom cultivation as a growth medium added
to conventional mushroom bag log (plastic bag with mushroom seeds and
culture substrates containing rice straw, sawdust, lime and water), with
emphasis on its ability to form mycelium – a fungus that grows into
mushroom from its seeds. <br />RESULT: The pyrolysis generated up to 36
wt% biochar yield with a large adsorption area (up to215m2 g-1) and less
water (4 wt%), indicating that many adsorption sites are available on
which mushroom seeds, nutrient and water can be adsorbed onto in order to
form mycelium (and subsequently mushroom). The biochar added to grow
mushroom in bag log recorded a higher water retention percentage (up to
59%), a higher mycelium colonization length in 8 days (6.3 cm), coverage
area (up to 259 cm2) and total mycelium growth volume (317 cm3), and
resulted in a higher yield of mushroom (200 gmonth-1) than that recorded
for the conventional bag log without biochar (160 gmonth-1).<br /><b>CONCLUSION:
The results indicated that biochar produced from SMS using microwave
vacuum pyrolysis shows great potential in retaining water and nutrient
that in turn promotes the formation of mycelium that leads to increased
growth of mushroom in its cultivation.</b></div>
Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-77937163030118286042019-02-14T01:56:00.000+08:002019-02-14T01:56:02.539+08:00Bauxite mining remediation - more<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619303920"><img alt="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619303920" border="0" data-original-height="642" data-original-width="874" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtP1M7IvPm9t8xGLVLD0pqaWiA3fAbOe4oWgshPocOGptJAxt0Xei8DJ-UC_tkvVNJ8-UPRASFaxMt-l_tbKjIbKAB7Qa8FKbUKnQnVE62EQkJQ_lc49vWFh7c70ayQiPMLGIOUQ/s400/Screenshot+2019-02-14+06.41.31.png" title="" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619303920" target="_blank">Here is another report</a> that should be of interest to Malaysian federal and Kuantan state govt. agencies.<br />
<br />Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-56615752206180950962019-01-16T21:43:00.000+08:002019-02-14T01:55:29.207+08:00Bauxite mining remediationShould this be of interest to Malaysian federal and Kuantan state govt. agencies. But does anyone care about soil and land restoration in Kuantan?<br />
<h1 class="Head">
<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749118343240" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="title-text">Aged biochar alters nitrogen pathways in bauxite-processing residue sand: Environmental impact and biogeochemical mechanisms</span></span></a></h1>
<div class="abstract author" id="abs0010" lang="en">
<h2 class="section-title">
<span style="font-size: small;">Abstract</span></h2>
<div id="abssec0010">
<div id="abspara0010">
<i>"Low
nitrogen (N) content and retention in bauxite-processing residue sand
(BRS) disposal areas pose a great challenge to the establishment of
sustainable vegetation cover in this highly alkaline environment. The
budget and fate of applied N in BRS and its potential environmental
impacts are largely unknown. We investigated the effect of combined
application of biochars [aged acidic (AC) vs alkaline pine (PC)] and
di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) fertiliser on ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) volatilisation, nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)
emission and N retention in a 116-day glasshouse study. The application
of AC to BRS decreased pH (≈0.5 units) in BRS, while PC biochar
increased pH (≈0.3 units). The application of AC reduced NH<sub>3</sub> volatilisation by ca. 80%, while PC by ca. 25%. On the other hand, the AC treatment increased N<sub>2</sub>O emission by 5 folds. However, the N loss via N<sub>2</sub>O
emission in the AC treatment only accounted for ca. 0.4% of applied N.
The reduction in BRS pH and increased retention of mineral N due to the
presence of oxygen-containing (phenolic and carboxylic) functional
groups in AC may be responsible for reduced NH<sub>3</sub> volatilisation and increased N<sub>2</sub>O
emission. This study has highlighted the potential of biochar
(particularly aged biochar) in improving N retention and minimising
environmental impacts in highly alkaline environments."</i></div>
</div>
</div>
<h1 class="Head">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="title-text"> </span></span></h1>
Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-54340241941825722972019-01-06T12:24:00.000+08:002019-01-06T12:24:38.693+08:00Rice straw biochar reduces N loss<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8BsHHph7f6QO1HRyL5-eBA2yfExCqNpygijJ32TIWF45rIDzTiv8eG8-AbGD61udbj2jM8jnXokCauL1Ovt1P7_GWPiqwz6wysCQl1Yw0vjnmZH3Cmn8_cBSAWn3939FYxhyXoA/s1600/Screenshot+2019-01-06+12.16.34.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="619" data-original-width="860" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8BsHHph7f6QO1HRyL5-eBA2yfExCqNpygijJ32TIWF45rIDzTiv8eG8-AbGD61udbj2jM8jnXokCauL1Ovt1P7_GWPiqwz6wysCQl1Yw0vjnmZH3Cmn8_cBSAWn3939FYxhyXoA/s400/Screenshot+2019-01-06+12.16.34.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="abstract author" id="ab0005" lang="en">
<h2 class="section-title">
</h2>
<h2 class="section-title">
</h2>
<h2 class="section-title">
</h2>
<h2 class="section-title">
</h2>
<h2 class="section-title">
</h2>
<h2 class="section-title">
</h2>
<h3 class="section-title">
Abstract</h3>
<div id="as0005">
<div id="sp0050">
<span style="font-size: small;">Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>)
volatilization is a major loss of nitrogen fertilizer in paddy fields.
The incorporation of straw or biochar has been considered to be the
alternative options for soil improvement and agriculture sustainability.
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential role of rice
straw and rice straw derived biochar in controlling NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization according to the conventional nitrogen fertilizer level (urea, 270 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>) during one rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L., cv. Xiushui134) growing season. Four treatments comprised rice straw at the rate of 8 t ha<sup>−1</sup> (RS); rice straw derived biochar at the rate of 2.8 t ha<sup>−1</sup> (RSBL); rice straw derived biochar at the rate of 22.5 t ha<sup>−1</sup> (RSBH) and a control (CK). Compared to straw application, biochar incorporation reduced the cumulative NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization (about 20%) from paddy fields significantly (<em>p</em> < 0.05), promoted rice yields and plant N aboveground as well as increased the abundance of ammoxidation <em>amoA</em> genes. In contrast with control, the ratios of NH<sub>3</sub>-N and total N input for RS, RSBL and RSBH declined significantly 4.15%, 4.40% and 11.12%, respectively (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Reduced NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization in RSB treatments were mainly attributed to the decrease of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N
concentration in the surface water, which could resulted from the
enhancement of rice growth and the promotion of ammonia oxidation in
soil. The increase of soil pH and soil CEC with biochar amendment played
an important role on nitrogen retention and nitrogen cycle in soil.
These results indicated that the incorporation of rice straw derived
biochar instead of rice straw could be a promising approach to control
NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization and improve rice yield.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-34518410507731172842019-01-06T11:51:00.000+08:002019-01-06T11:51:00.190+08:00Biochar enhances animal growth<h1>
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.lrrd.cipav.org.co/lrrd30/9/bobby30168.html" target="_blank">Effect of biochar on growth performance of local “Yellow” cattle fed ensiled cassava roots, fresh brewers’ grains and rice straw</a></span></h1>
Bounthavy Vongkhamchanh, T R Preston<span style="font-size: x-small;">[1]</span>, R A Leng<span style="font-size: x-small;">[2]</span>, Le Van An<span style="font-size: x-small;">[3]</span> and Duong Thanh Hai<span style="font-size: x-small;">[3]</span> <br /><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Champasack University, Champasak, Lao PDR <a href="mailto:vongkhamchanhd@yahoo.com">vongkhamchanhd@yahoo.com</a></span><br /> <span style="font-size: x-small;">1 Centro para la Investigación en Sistemas Sostenibles de Producción Agropecuaria (CIPAV), Carrera 25 No 6-62 Cali, Colombia<br /> 2 University of New England, Armidale NSW, Australia<br /> 3 Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Vietnam</span><br />
<h4>
Abstract</h4>
In a 56-day experiment with 6 local Yellow cattle fed ensiled cassava
root-urea, brewers’ grains and rice straw, there were indications (<em>p</em>=0.08)
that after an initial 4-week adaptation to the diet, the cattle were growing
faster when 1% of biochar (derived from rice husk) was incorporated in the
diet.Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-70562416167439252832019-01-04T10:48:00.002+08:002019-01-04T10:48:46.510+08:00Apologies to all who have posted commentsI've just discovered 57 comments awaiting moderation!<br />
I did not have blogger configured properly (to get notice of a comment).<br />
Some comments dated back to 2016!<br />
Fixed now. <br />
Humble apologies from the hopeless editor.Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-77539266084003782472018-12-28T16:46:00.000+08:002018-12-28T16:46:49.308+08:00Aqueous Solutions for SEAVideo from their FaceBook page (https://www.facebook.com/AqueousSolutions/)<br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="true" allowtransparency="true" frameborder="0" height="315" scrolling="no" src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/video.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FAqueousSolutions%2Fvideos%2F796870173782023%2F&show_text=0&width=560" style="border: none; overflow: hidden;" width="560"></iframe><br />
<br />Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-37486212021828517912018-12-12T14:52:00.002+08:002018-12-12T14:52:48.747+08:00Important biochar thesis from Nepal, Co/ Norway<b>I highly recommend reading <i>at least</i> the 4-page Summary to Naba's thesis.</b> Its well written and findings look very important for Nepal and tropical agriculture in general.<br />
You can link to the full document with a click on the cover page image below...<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://scholar.google.com.my/scholar_url?url=https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2576435/98517%2520NMBU%2520printed%2520thesis-Pandit.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&hl=en&sa=X&d=4768769069505793267&scisig=AAGBfm1x18LSZyPkjLAYjxV_-xBw4nzUIA&nossl=1&oi=scholaralrt&hist=19qXGPoAAAAJ:2542305227971030937:AAGBfm0-aYGRoZDaO-UD3_A8cKnhz52mSA" target="_blank"><img alt="http://scholar.google.com.my/scholar_url?url=https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2576435/98517%2520NMBU%2520printed%2520thesis-Pandit.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&hl=en&sa=X&d=4768769069505793267&scisig=AAGBfm1x18LSZyPkjLAYjxV_-xBw4nzUIA&nossl=1&oi=scholaralrt&hist=19qXGPoAAAAJ:2542305227971030937:AAGBfm0-aYGRoZDaO-UD3_A8cKnhz52mSA" border="0" data-original-height="751" data-original-width="557" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqr2hMHe269tr0Z3nIgjpTvokzb1qTkrno7B0iiOfVr8iqbWV1K3dUcB1bzNSDdwQLjvGTCDaJsxRuwCc7ysJg8psqaC8BKiiqng0CJiLaES2W3KnpfAGzaZtf1EeQXgBVKuYgKQ/s640/Screenshot+2018-12-12+12.08.24.png" width="473" /></a></div>
<br />Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-44172419356735162922018-12-11T11:00:00.000+08:002018-12-11T11:00:02.344+08:00Carbo-Fertil project and IBI biochar study tour to Austria June 2018<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/XsN6bh9jTbk" width="480"></iframe>Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-11922829658689008942018-12-11T10:44:00.001+08:002018-12-11T10:44:49.283+08:00Biochar from food wasteI have a few Qs here...<br />
<ul>
<li>where does food waste best fit in a waste hierarchy? does it have better utility as animal feed or in a localised BSF industry</li>
<li>what sort of H&MB numbers are going to work at scale, with all that water to remove? is hydrothermal carbonisation a better path for this type of waste stream</li>
<li>recovering P from our industrial food and sewage systems is important... is biochar production going to become a key player?</li>
</ul>
<div id="html-article-title">
<h3>
<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/12/4692/htm" target="_blank">Properties of Biochar from Anaerobically Digested Food Waste and Its Potential Use in Phosphorus Recovery and Soil Amendment</a></h3>
</div>
<div class="html-author-group">
<span class="inlineblock" style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/search?authors=Shakib%20Alghashm&orcid=" itemprop="author">Shakib Alghashm</a><sup> 1</sup>, </span><span class="inlineblock" style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/search?authors=Shiying%20Qian&orcid=" itemprop="author">Shiying Qian</a><sup> 1</sup>, </span><span class="inlineblock" style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/search?authors=Yinfeng%20Hua&orcid=" itemprop="author">Yinfeng Hua</a><sup> 2</sup>, </span><span class="inlineblock" style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/search?authors=Jian%20Wu&orcid=" itemprop="author">Jian Wu</a><sup> 2</sup>, </span><span class="inlineblock" style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/search?authors=Haitao%20Zhang&orcid=" itemprop="author">Haitao Zhang</a><sup> 2</sup>, </span><span class="inlineblock" style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/search?authors=Weihua%20Chen&orcid=" itemprop="author">Weihua Chen</a><sup> 2</sup> and </span><span class="inlineblock" style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/search?authors=Guoqing%20Shen&orcid=" itemprop="author">Guoqing Shen</a><sup> 1,</sup>*
</span></div>
<div class="art-affiliations">
<div class="affiliation">
<div class="affiliation-item">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><sup>1</sup>School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China</span></div>
</div>
<div class="affiliation">
<div class="affiliation-item">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><sup>2</sup>Shanghai Liming Resources Reuse Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201209, China</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="affiliation">
<div class="affiliation-item">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><sup>*</sup>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. </span></div>
</div>
<div class="html-history">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Received: 14 November 2018 / Accepted: 5 December 2018 / Published: 10 December 2018
</span></div>
<br />
<section class="html-abstract" id="html-abstract">
<h4 id="html-abstract-title" style="font-family: Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
Abstract</h4>
<div class="html-p">
The disposal of a large amount of biogas residue
from anaerobically digested food waste is a burden for biogas
production. The aim of this work was to investigate biogas residue as a
potential feedstock, by preparing biochar at a broad pyrolysis
temperature range of 400–900 °C. The properties required for phosphorus
recovery and soil amendment application were evaluated. Biogas residue
collected from an urban food waste treatment plant was pyrolyzed in a
laboratory scale reactor. It was found that by increasing the pyrolysis
temperature, the yield of biochar decreased and the pH, electrical
conductivity and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area increased. The
amount of phosphorus adsorbed onto the biogas residue-derived biochar
(BRB) at 900 °C was larger than that of other kinds of biochar. The
kinetics of phosphorus (P) adsorption on BRB could be described by the
pseudo-second-order equation. The pot experiments showed that the
resulting biochar is beneficial for the growth of cabbage. Overall,
turning solid residue from the anaerobic digestion of food waste for
biogas production into biochar shows good prospects as a means of
solving the disposal problem, while creating new markets for food waste
biogas residue.</div>
</section>Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-17680311203341435282018-12-10T11:23:00.003+08:002018-12-11T10:32:17.881+08:00PKS biochar from BEK system in MalaysiaI think I may have missed this Malaysian publication when it was released. You can read more about the BEK in Malaysia from the BEK tag below.<br />
<span style="color: #0000ee;"><u><a href="http://jopr.mpob.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/jopr2018inpress-haryati.pdf" target="_blank">Link to PDF here</a></u></span><br />
<br />
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<img border="0" data-original-height="833" data-original-width="1199" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ-l0HeGH1Sys7HMnYbYe0jPKkaYueQUqZI8jXf13_m25U7lxkDqgnE3aeW4ALfM_2amP6o-8ScCK2JGRGIz0rixgtlLeQAnI7f1B2RG54cQNzKTiASCwXdHrX1J4cL45aE8-nIw/s400/Screenshot+2018-12-10+11.12.34.png" width="400" /><a href="http://jopr.mpob.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/jopr2018inpress-haryati.pdf" target="_blank">http://jopr.mpob.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/jopr2018inpress-haryati.pdf</a></div>
<br />Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-82114179319540900952018-11-30T18:43:00.001+08:002018-11-30T18:49:42.403+08:00Beyond the Trough - Thailand<br />
<span class="gmail_default" style="color: black;"></span><i>"Lots of people expressed interest in the post-trough, post-Kontiki, tench solution to making char in the field without water. Here's a really simple, two minute video shot using our original test trench. In a few months when the corn harvest is in, I'll shoot a more real one up in the mountains. For now, this will have to serve. It is not, as you will see, rocket science, and as long as you dig the trench during the rainy season, there's not much work involved."</i><br />
Dr Micheal Shafer<br />
<br />
Check out the "flame cap' tag for other contributions...<br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/blt4w8hy5xI" width="480"></iframe>Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-90136643290542476782018-11-30T11:54:00.000+08:002018-11-30T11:55:30.112+08:00RHC-composting study from Malaysia<div id="yui_3_14_1_1_1543549229152_141" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 23.7279px; left: 196.583px; top: 224.557px; transform: scaleX(0.991716);">
<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289318861_Characterization_of_local_mill_rice_husk_charcoal_and_its_effect_on_compost_properties" target="_blank">Characterization of Local Mill Rice Husk Charcoal and Its Effect on Compost Properties</a></div>
<div id="yui_3_14_1_1_1543549229152_182" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 23.7279px; left: 312.262px; top: 253.03px; transform: scaleX(0.972136);">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYaWPojWHeDtOSY3lvsTCj-AbBgTM0uqXB_I2bwes8H1bahuCH7G_XvUGxidsJcKt2TduTKFA-SIQoGArN0VxVJg9kZU5GAzzepLPocyqWnkigmZ1ygKhaqrRUUzPExDGFH6apLg/s1600/Screenshot+2018-11-30+11.46.02.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1059" data-original-width="873" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYaWPojWHeDtOSY3lvsTCj-AbBgTM0uqXB_I2bwes8H1bahuCH7G_XvUGxidsJcKt2TduTKFA-SIQoGArN0VxVJg9kZU5GAzzepLPocyqWnkigmZ1ygKhaqrRUUzPExDGFH6apLg/s400/Screenshot+2018-11-30+11.46.02.png" width="327" /></a></div>
<div id="yui_3_14_1_1_1543549229152_182" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 23.7279px; left: 312.262px; top: 253.03px; transform: scaleX(0.972136);">
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Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-14597847640482403652018-11-27T18:13:00.000+08:002018-11-27T18:13:42.837+08:00Solutions from the Jungle: The Tengkawang Factory<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/j5jo4yC6H1g" width="480"></iframe>Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-12479894956647543382018-11-12T19:15:00.000+08:002018-11-12T19:15:02.601+08:00TLUD street kitchen - Vietnam<br />
<span class="gmail_default" style="color: black;"></span>From: <b class="gmail_sendername" dir="auto">Paul Olivier</b> <span dir="ltr"><paul .olivier="" esrla.com=""></paul></span><br />Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2018 at 17:26<br />Subject: street kitchens in Vietnam<br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br />A street kitchen in Vietnam is generally a grave threat to human health and the environment. A street kitchen typically burns coal, charcoal or firewood. The lighting of these solid fuels usually emits a cloud of black smoke. When these solids fuels are combusted, high levels of benzene, particulate matter and CO stream forth in all directions. But perhaps, still worse, are the highly carcinogenic cooking oil fuels. <br /><br /> Near the University of Dalat, there are several street kitchens close to one another. They emit large quantities of cooking oil fumes. These cooking oil fumes combine with particulate matter and nitrogen compounds (emitted by sewage lines), and when these pollutants enter the human lung, they stick there and do not come out. People get sick, and people die.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /> Here you see jpegs of a 150 gasifier equipped with a 3-sided wind shield, a 40-liter biochar filter, a hood and a fan. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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The 150 gasifier emits levels of benzene, particulate matter and CO well within the norms specified by the World Health Organization. When cooking oil fumes are pulled through the biochar filter by means of a small fan above the round hood, they stick to the biochar and not to the human lung.<br /><br /> The solid fuels typically used by street kitchens are costly. But with a gasifier, one has high-grade heat at a profit, since the biochar pellets produced in the gasifier have a greater value than the raw pellets from which they are derived. In other words, one has high-grade heat at a profit.<br /><br /> When biochar is produced in a gasifier, dirty and highly-polluting biochar kilns are not needed. In Dalat I have seen biochar kilns that emit, day after day, huge clouds of smoke. <br /><br /> Gasifiers can be powered almost entirely by agricultural waste biomass, such as rice hulls and rice straw. To the extent that such waste biomass would be pelleted and used as gasifier fuel, the useless burning of this waste would not take place. </span></div>
-- <br /><div class="m_-5060191305828793890gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature">
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Paul A. Olivier PhD<br />27/2bis Phu Dong Thien Vuong<br />Dalat, Vietnam<br />
<br />Louisiana telephone: 1-337-447-4124 (rings Vietnam)<br />Mobile: 090-694-1573 (in Vietnam)<br />Skype address: Xpolivier<br /><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://epwt.vn/en/home/&source=gmail&ust=1542101411829000&usg=AFQjCNEpzDKG4vpTiEg2JiwyrbV-fDXFIg" href="http://epwt.vn/en/home/" target="_blank">http://epwt.vn/en/home/</a></div>
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Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-61625827212892052252018-11-09T20:50:00.000+08:002018-11-09T20:50:21.006+08:00IBI Webinar on B4SS (Indonesia, Vietnam)https://biochar-international.org/webinars-list/<br />
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<a href="https://biochar-international.org/webinars-list/" target="_blank">Upcoming Webinars</a></h3>
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IBI Educational Webinar Series: Biochar for Sustainable Soils (B4SS)</h3>
<span class="webinar-item-date"> 11/29/2018</span><strong>Presented by Ruy Anaya de la Rosa<br /> </strong>Biochar
projects spanning multiple countries are still relatively few and far
between. There is much to learn from these types of multinational
projects. IBI has invited Ruy Anaya de la Rosa, the Project Director
from the recently concluded <a href="https://biochar.international/">Biochar for Sustainable Soils</a>
(B4SS) to discuss lessons learned, challenges and best practices from
his experiences collaborating biochar projects teams in China, Ethiopia,
<b> Indonesia</b>, Kenya, Peru and <b>Vietnam</b>.<br />
B4SS was funded by the Global
Environment Facility (GEF) under the Land Degradation Focal Area in the
GEF-5 Strategies. The objective of the B4SS was to demonstrate and
promote the adoption of sustainable land management practices involving
the use of innovative organic amendments, based on biochar, that improve
the capture and efficient use of nutrients, and enhance productivity,
improve climate resilience, support rural livelihoods, and contribute to
watershed management. A key goal was to promote the diffusion and
successful adoption of biochar techniques among B4SS partner countries
and beyond.<br />
The project was focused on collating knowledge
generated through the implementation of the targeted biochar
demonstration projects. Awareness and improved understanding amongst
smallholders, including women’s groups, and resource managers about the
most effective biochar formulations and application rates to improve
soil functions and reduce land degradation, will be created and shared
among stakeholders. This integrated global approach to advance the
knowledge on the use of biochar for SLM also conveyed other messages to
farming communities mainly interested in soil improvement.<br />
<br />
<strong>Cost?<br /> </strong>Free to IBI Members or $40 for non-members. (Not a member yet? <a href="https://www.biochar-international.org/join/">Click here to join</a>
and get webinars free for a year, and lots of other benefits!)
Registration includes access to the slides and a recording of the
webinar.<br />
<br />
<strong>To Register:<br /> </strong><strong></strong><strong></strong>Non-members may <a href="https://ttcorp.regfox.com/ibi-educational-webinar-series-biochar-for-sustainable-soils">register here</a> for a $40 fee. If you are a member and are expecting to access the webinar for free, please <a href="https://biochar-international.org/login/">log in</a> first and return to this page for the members registration link and code to appear.<strong> </strong><br />
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<strong>For more information:<br /> </strong>For more information or if you have any questions about registration please email Caroline Peat at <a href="mailto:cpeat@ttcorp.com">cpeat@ttcorp.com</a>. Want to become an IBI member and have access to all recorded webinars? Visit our <a href="http://biochar-international.org/join">membership page</a> to help support IBI.Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-68097057807285414012018-11-03T11:42:00.000+08:002018-11-03T11:44:10.814+08:00EFB biochar, composting in Indonesia<br />
<img alt="" border="0" class="hLogo" src="http://www.jeeng.net/_static/logo-jeeng.png" height="56" width="400" />
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<a href="http://www.jeeng.net/Formulation-of-Biochar-Compost-and-Phosphate-Solubilizing-Fungi-from-Oil-Palm-Empty,92891,0,2.html" target="_blank">Formulation of Biochar-Compost and Phosphate Solubilizing Fungi from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch to Improve Growth of Maize in an Ultisol of Central Kalimantan</a></h3>
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<span id="author_92817"><a class="black" href="http://www.jeeng.net/Author-Gusti-Ichriani/92817">Gusti Irya Ichriani</a></span> <sup>1, 2</sup>, <span id="author_92818"><a class="black" href="http://www.jeeng.net/Author-Syehfani-Syehfani/92818">Syehfani Syehfani</a></span> <sup>3</sup>, <span id="author_79259"><a class="black" href="http://www.jeeng.net/Author-Yulia-Nuraini/79259">Yulia Nuraini</a></span> <sup>3</sup>, <span id="author_79258"><a class="black" href="http://www.jeeng.net/Author-Eko-Handayanto/79258">Eko Handayanto</a></span> <sup>4</sup> </div>
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ABSTRACT:</div>
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The efficiency of phosphorus uptake by
plants in an Ultisol soil is very low because most of soil phosphorus is
precipitated by Al and Fe. Oil palm empty fruit bunches can be used as
basic materials of biochar and compost, and as sources of isolates of
phosphate solubilizing fungi. This study was aimed to elucidate the
effect of application of phosphate solubilizing fungi with biochar and
compost generated from oil palm empty fruit bunches on growth and yield
of maize an Ultisol of Central Kalimantan. This study consisted of two
experiments. The first experiment was inoculation of four isolates of
phosphate solubilizing fungi isolated from of oil palm empty fruit
bunches, i.e. Acremonium (TB1), Aspergillus (TM7), Hymenella (TM1) and
Neosartorya (TM8) to 'biocom' media (mixture of biochar and compost
generated from oil palm empty fruit bunches) to obtain phosphate
solubilizing fungi that can adapt to the media. In the second
experiment, the best results in the first experiment were applied to an
Ultisol soil planted with maize. The results showed that isolates that
were best adapted to biocom media were Aspergillus-TB7 with 60:40
proportion (60% biochar + 40% compost) and Neosartorya-TM8 with 70:30
proportions (60% biochar + 40% compost). The application of the first
experiment results to the second experiment showed that the application
of biocom plus Neosartorya-TM8 (BTM) on an Ultisol soil significantly
improved growth and yield of maize, as well as phosphorus uptake and
efficiency of phosphorus uptake by maize.</div>
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CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:</div>
<a class="black" href="http://www.jeeng.net/Author-Eko-Handayanto/79258">Eko Handayanto</a> <br />
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Research Centre for Management of Degraded and Mining Lands, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
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Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17224407.post-27947185023489651022018-10-28T12:41:00.001+08:002018-10-28T12:41:52.599+08:00TLUD stoves in BangladeshThe video below subtitles but I include it now because of the comments provided by Julian:<br />
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Date: Fri, 26 Oct 2018 20:30:58 -0400<br />
From: Julien Winter <br />
To: Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">(stoves@lists.bioenergylists.o<wbr></wbr>rg)</a><br />
Cc: Mahbubul Islam, Dean Still, <a href="mailto:vhrapp@lbl.gov" target="_blank">vhrapp</a><br />
Subject: [Stoves] Short Documentary on TLUD and Biochar in Bangladesh (in Bangla)<br />
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Hi folks;<br />
Here is a short doc on TLUDs and biochar in Bangladesh. It is in Bangla,<br />
but I am sure we can all understand the body language for 'migrating<br />
pyrolytic front', 'cation exchange capacity', and 'sodium chloride'.<br />
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<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://youtu.be/mxuVUV0_Des&source=gmail&ust=1540785945242000&usg=AFQjCNGcFO9_yHDoqoDjwd8hJ_tFmrunsw" href="https://youtu.be/mxuVUV0_Des" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://youtu.be/mxuVUV0_Des</a><br />
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The significance of this video is that Bangladesh is a nascent hot-spot of<br />
TLUD and biochar research, because it is probably the most ideal country in<br />
the World for these technologies: 3 crops per year, low organic matter<br />
soils, 80% of population cooking with biomass, >1000 people / km?,<br />
impending loss of land to sea level rise, and plenty of scientists.<br />
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It is great the way this video includes both the university professors,<br />
farmers and lots of women. The CCDB project has collected data showing<br />
that university professors increase the self-esteem of women TLUD users, so<br />
it is recommended that professors should be applied liberally in the<br />
countryside to increase cookstove acceptance.<br />
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I hope subtitles in English are forthcoming.<br />
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Cheers,<br />
Julien.<br />
-- <br />
Julien Winter, Cobourg, ON, CANADA<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/mxuVUV0_Des" width="459"></iframe></div>
Trlahhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15572529013865698600noreply@blogger.com0