The "Nepal"
label will provide more history on this research...
Abstract
A widely abundant and invasive forest shrub,
Eupatorium adenophorum,
was pyrolyzed in a cost-efficient flame curtain kiln to produce
biochar. The resulting biochar fulfilled all the requirements for
premium quality, according to the European Biochar Certificate. The
biochar was either applied alone or mixed with fresh cow urine (1:1
volume) to test its capacity to serve as slow release fertilizer in a
pumpkin field trial in Nepal. Treatments included cow-manure compost
combined with (i) urine-only; (ii) biochar-only or (iii) urine-loaded
biochar. All materials were applied directly to the root zone at a
biochar dry matter content of 750 kg·ha
−1 before seeding. The urine-biochar treatment led to a pumpkin yield of 82.6 t·ha
−1,
an increase of more than 300% compared with the treatment where only
urine was applied, and an 85% increase compared with the biochar-only
treatment. This study showed for the first time that a low-dosage root
zone application of urine-enhanced biochar led to substantial yield
increases in a fertile silt loam soil. This was tentatively explained by
the formation of organic coating of inner pore biochar surfaces by the
urine impregnation, which improved the capacity of the biochar to
capture and exchange plant nutrients.